The acorn nut is a type of fastener which gets its name from its shape. Acorn nut is its common name and it is also called a crown hex nut, blind nut, cap nut or domed cap nut. It is a nut that has a domed top to cover the threads.
A coupling nut also known as extension nut is a threaded fastener for joining two male threads, most commonly a threaded rod, but also pipes. The outside of the fastener is usually a hex so a wrench can hold it.
A jam nut is a low profile type of nut, typically half as tall as a standard nut. It is commonly used as a type of locknut, where it is "jammed" up against a standard nut to lock the two in place.
A locknut, also known as a lock nut, locking nut, prevailing torque nut, stiff nut or elastic stop nut, is a nut that resists loosening under vibrations and torque.
A weld nut is a special type of nut specifically designed to be welded onto another metal piece and can bridge gaps or seams. A weld nut is able to be used in restricted or limited space areas.
A wingnut or wing nut is a type of nut with two large metal "wings", one on each side, so it can be easily tightened and loosened by hand without tools.